Asthma

Asthma is a long-term (chronic) condition in which the airways (breathing tubes) in the lungs become narrow and swollen, making it hard to breathe.

• What happens inside the body: The airway lining swells, the muscles around the airways tighten, and extra mucus may form. All this reduces the space for air to move in and out.
• Common signs: Wheezing (a whistling sound while breathing), coughing (often at night or early morning), chest tightness, and shortness of breath.
• Triggers (things that set it off): Dust, pollen, pet hair, smoke, strong smells, cold air, exercise, air pollution, and sometimes stress. Triggers can differ from person to person.
• Not infectious: Asthma is not caused by germs, so it does not spread from one person to another like a cold or flu.
• Why inhalers help: Many inhalers quickly relax the airway muscles (so air can pass), and some reduce swelling over time. They deliver medicine straight to the lungs.
• Living well with asthma: Avoiding triggers, keeping indoor air clean (less dust and smoke), and using medicines correctly can help people stay active and breathe comfortably.